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Secondary Traumatic Stress on Military Spouses

Updated: Apr 29

In support of PTSD Awareness Month, it is crucial to shed light on secondary traumatic stress (STS) experienced by the spouses of military personnel. This blog post aims to raise awareness about the challenges faced by military spouses who are indirectly exposed to trauma and the potential impact it has on their well-being. Drawing on a study titled “Secondary Traumatic Stress in Military Primary and Mental Health Care Providers” by Sara Kintzle, PhD, LMSW, Jeffrey S. Yarvis, MS USA, and Brian E. Bride, PhD, MSW, MPH, published in Military Medicine, this post highlights the prevalence of STS and its implications for military spouses.


The Impact of Traumatic Experiences on Military Personnel: The launch of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom has exposed over 1.6 million service personnel to traumatic situations during their deployments. These experiences, such as improvised explosive devices and suicide car bombs, have left a significant number of soldiers susceptible to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health problems upon their return. Unfortunately, these challenges extend beyond the military personnel themselves and affect their spouses as well.


Understanding Secondary Traumatic Stress: Secondary traumatic stress refers to the development of PTSD symptoms in individuals who have indirectly experienced trauma through their close personal or professional relationships. Military spouses, due to the emotional intensity and close connection with their partners, are at risk of experiencing secondary trauma reactions. Witnessing their partners’ traumatic experiences and trying to make sense of them can be emotionally challenging, potentially impacting their own mental well-being.


Prevalence of Secondary Traumatic Stress: While research on secondary exposure to trauma in military spouses is limited, studies have indicated the presence of STS symptoms in this population. For instance, a study by Bjornestad found a mediating relationship between combat exposure in veterans and the traumatic symptoms experienced by their spouses. Similarly, Riggs et al. observed high levels of relationship distress in PTSD veterans and their partners. These findings emphasize the need for further exploration of STS in military spouses and the potential support required.


Supporting Military Spouses Affected by Secondary Traumatic Stress: It is essential to recognize the challenges faced by military spouses in dealing with secondary traumatic stress. These individuals often carry a heavy emotional burden and may experience negative effects on their mental health. Increased awareness and support for military spouses can contribute to their well-being and overall resilience. This support can include access to mental health resources, counseling services, and education on coping strategies.


Secondary traumatic stress is a significant concern for military spouses, who indirectly experience the trauma faced by their partners. Understanding the prevalence and impact of STS on military spouses is crucial for providing appropriate support and resources. By raising awareness and advocating for the well-being of military spouses, we can create a more supportive environment and contribute to the overall resilience of military families. Let us stand together during PTSD Awareness Month to honor and support those affected by secondary traumatic stress.


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